INSTRUMENTATION THEORY BY KIRAN KUMAR B.A.,

                   INSTRUMENTATION      

Instrumentation:  Measuring and controlling physical  quantities and non physical quantities is called  Instrumentation.

                 ATOMIC STRUCTURE 

Atom: smallest particle of a single element that can not be divided is called an atom.

Proton: the proton is a subatomic particle, it is located inside the nucleus,  and it has + positive charge.

Neutron: neutron is a subatomic particle, it is located inside the nucleus,      it does not have any charge.

Electron: it revolves around the nucleus, and it has - a negative charge. 

Atomic number: total number of protons in the nucleus. 

Atomic sheel

Subsheel:                                                                 

                    BASIC ELECTRICITY

Current  :  flow of electrons

Ac(alternative current)  : electrons changes its direction, forward and then going backward.

Dc(Direct Current) : electrons flows directly , it can not change its direction.

Voltage:  potential difference between two points in electrical circuit.

Resistance:

Emf:             

PD:

Motion measurment:    

                  BASIC ELECTRONICS

Resistor:  it limits the flow of current in an electrical circuit.

Capacitor:  two  conducting plates separated by an insulator, it is mostly used in electronic circuits,  it blocks DC  allowing AC.

Diode: it converts AC into DC.

Transistor: PNP AND NPN

                        PRESSURE        

Pressure : force acting per the unit area .  Units:         kg/cm,  bar,  psi.

bourdon tube :

diaphragms :

capsules :

bellows : 

Types of Pressure : absolute, gauge, atmospheric, vacuum

Pressure  gauge: 

pressure transducer: Convert pressure into an analog electrical signal

Pressure Transmitted: 

Rpm Sensor:   

                        TEMPERATURE 

Temperature :  degree of coldness and hotness of the body.

Units: kelvin, Fahrenheit, centigrade.

       thermocouple

         Rtd

     pt 100   Pt 1000

                           FLOW

Flow: movement of a fluid or gas through a pipeline  or channel.

                           LEVEL 

Level: The difference between two heights.

                     

                   CELLS  & BATTERIES

                           SWITCHES

moving coil :

moving iron :

POWER SUPPLY UNITS : 

CR : 

TRAIC : 

DIAC : 

   

                                                 OSILATORS 

                                      OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER 

                                            NUMBER SYSTEM 

                                            A/D AND D/A CONVERTERS

                                                           LOGIC CIRCUITES

BASIC GATES : AND,   OR,   NOT                                     

       

UNIVERSAL GATES :   NAND,   NOR                     

SPECIAL GATES   :   EX- OR , EX - NOR

ADDERS : 

SUBTRACTORS : 

FLIPFLOPS : 

STRESS AND STRAIN MEASURMENT

LVDT AND RVDT

DCS

SCADA